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Peran Protozoa pada Pencernaan Ruminansia dan Dampak Terhadap Lingkungan
Abstract
Rumen adalah ekosistem yang sangat kompleks serta mengandung berbagai jenis mikroba. Kinerja ruminansia tergantung pada aktivitas mikroorganisme mereka untuk memanfaatkan asupan pakan. Namun demikian, aktivitas mikroba rumen juga merupakan sumber utama pembentukan gas metan dari bidang pertanian yang mengakibatkan efek rumah kaca. Protozoa rumen dengan penampilan yang cukup mencolok dianggap memiliki peran penting pada ruminansia sebagai hospes. Namun, terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa protozoa dapat menyumbang hingga 50% biomassa di rumen, peran protozoa sebagai salah satu mikroba dalam ekosistem rumen masih belum jelas. Meskipun peran protozoa masih belum jelas, namun protozoa dalam rumen terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan methanogen dan telah terbukti bahwa protozoa secara tidak langsung terlibat dalam produksi gas metan. Methanogen adalah satu-satunya mikroorganisme yang diketahui mampu memproduksi metan. Karena protozoa adalah penghasil hidrogen besar, yang digunakan sebagai substrat oleh simbion metanogennya untuk mengurangi karbon dioksida menjadi metana, dengan demikian dapat diasumsikan bahwa defaunasi mengurangi metanogenesis dengan jalan menurunkan kepadatan methanogen. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengevaluasi informasi terkini tentang peran protozoa di ekosistem mikroba rumen dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan.
Keywords
References
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