STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN PONCOKUSUMO KABUPATEN MALANG

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2010 di Desa Jambesari Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) karakteristik rumah tangga peternak sapi perah di Desa Jambesari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang, (2) status dan jumlah kepemilikan rata-rata sapi perah, produksi susu rata-rata sapi perah, dan harga jual rata-rata susu di Desa Jambesari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Materi penelitian adalah peternak sapi perah yang berdomisili di Desa Jambesari Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Jenis data yang diambil ada dua yakni data primer dan data sekunder yang selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan software SPSS.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia responden masih tergolong produktif, memiliki tingkat pendidikan formal yang tergolong rendah, sangat berpengalaman dalam memelihara ternak sapi perah, dan sebagian besar memiliki aset komersil seperti sepeda motor, sepeda, dan televisi. Rata-rata kepemilikan sapi perah di Desa Jambesari Kecamatan Poncokusumo bervariasi mulai 5,58 ± 2,23 ekor di Dusun Sumber Jambe hingga 6,36 ± 3,56 ekor di Dusun Pabrikan. Adapun produksi susu rata-rata bervariasi mulai 29,62 ± 25,09 liter/hari di Dusun Ngembal hingga tertinggi 47,14 ± 41,13 liter/hari di Dusun Pabrikan. Sedangkan harga jual susu rata-rata yang diterima peternak bervariasi mulai Rp 3.100 ± 54,36 per liter di Dusun Ngembal hingga Rp 3.121,43 ± 88,17 per liter di Dusun Pabrikan.

Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk mengadakan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang hubungan antara lama pengalaman beternak, jumlah kepemilikan sapi perah dengan tingkat pendapatan peternak di Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang.

Kata kunci: status social ekonomi,

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out in the village Jambesari, Poncokusumo sub-district. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of farm households who raised dairy cattle in Poncokusumo sub-district, Malang regency, to investigate the status of ownership as well as the average ownership of dairy cattle owned by small farm households, the average production of milk and the average selling price of milk. These objectives were achieved through a survey method using a structured questionnaire. The study involved 38 dairy farmers.

The household characteristics showed that farmers who kept dairy cattle were relatively at a productive age, less educated, and were predominantly more experienced farmers. A statistical analysis of the data showed that dairy cattle were mostly owned by men rather than women in all the village studied. Moreover, the average ownership of dairy cattle varied from 5,58 ± 2,23 head in the hamlet Sumber Jambe to 6,36 ± 3,56 head in the hamlet Pabrikan. The average production of milk varied from 29,62 ± 25,09 liter/day in the hamlet Ngembal to 47,14 ± 41,13 liter/day in the hamlet Pabrikan. The selling price of milk ranged from IDR 3.100 ± 54,36 per liter in the hamlet Ngembal to IDR 3.121,43 ± 88,17 per liter in the hamlet Pabrikan.

Keywords: socio-economic characteristic, smallholder dairy farmer, Poncokusumo